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In 2017, in order to contribute to reflection on so-called "substance-free" addictions among adolescents, the French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT) integrated a new module on the use of various electronic devices with screens into its Survey on Health and Use on National Defence and Citizenship Day (ESCAPAD).
This briefing paper describes the regulatory models that have been implemented since 2014 in the American states that have legalised cannabis, highlighting their differences and similarities. It also discusses the reform processes and common features of states that have legalised cannabis for medical and recreational use.
In the wake of the 2017 findings, the year 2018 was marked by a sharp decline in cigarette and of roll-your-own tobacco sales in France's tobacconist network. However, a slight increase in other types of tobacco, less heavily taxed, can be seen, together with a likely increase in cross-border purchases.
Following Uruguay in 2013, Canada is the second country in the world - the first in G7 - that has officially legalised the production, distribution and possession of cannabis for recreational use.
The downward trend in official tobacco sales observed in 2016 has been confirmed in 2017 (characterised by a very powerful symbolic measure, plain packaging) with the marked decline in roll-your-own tobacco owing to its lower price.
Although cannabis is still prohibited at federal level, 8 American states and the District of Columbia have made unprecedented changes to their cannabis regulations with the legalisation of cultivation, sale, possession and use of cannabis for non-medical (i.e. recreational) purposes from the age of 21.
In the 2000s, a new method was developed for estimating psychoactive substance use: testing drug residues in sewage. Ten or so years later, this innovative method, sewage epidemiology, is now applied in numerous countries.
Since April 2004, the French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT) has been compiling various key indicators each month as part of a "review on tobacco".
This briefing is structured in three parts. It first presents the international legislative framework established by the United Nations and the European Union and laid down in three treaties: the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (amended by the 1972 protocol), the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the 1988 Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and…
The laws governing cannabis use, tolerated in some countries yet totally banned in others, vary significantly from one European Union country to another.